English
speaking-Myanmar 25
အဂၤလိပ္စကားေျပာစာေၾကာင္းတုိမ်ား
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Something wrong - (တစ္ခုခုမွားေနျပီ)
What's wrong? (ဘာမ်ားမွားသြားလဲ)
Not good enough - (သိပ္မေကာင္းဘူး)
Don't be talkative - ( စကားမမ်ားနဲ ့)
Here comes - ( လာပါျပီ )…………………………………
့How much - ( ဘယ္ေလာက္က်သလဲ)
Don't argue with me - (ငါ့ကိုလာမျငင္းနဲ ့)
Any time - (ဘယ္အခ်ိန္မဆို)
Oh ! you dare say so - ( ေျပာရဲ လိုက္တာ )
How dare you are ! (မင္းကရဲလွခ်ည္လားးး)-
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ဒီကိစၥေတြဟာ ေကာလဟာလေတြျဖစ္တယ္ဆုိတာကုိေျပာခ်င္ရင္.....
Rumor has it
that + (subject + verb) ပုံစံကုိအသံးျပဳႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
•Rumor has it that they are going to get
married.( သူတုိ႔လက္ထပ္ေတာ႔မယ္ဆုိတာ ေကာလဟာလေတြျဖစ္တယ္)
•Rumor has it that U Ba was passed way.( ဦးဘေသသြားတယ္ဆုိတာ
ေကာလဟာလေတြသာျဖစ္တယ္)
မိမိေျပာဆုိခ်င္တဲ႔ စာေၾကာင္းကုိေနာက္က ကပ္သုံးလုိက္ပါ။
Rumor has it
that
she cheated on him.
Rumor has it
that
show is going to end.
Rumor has it
that
your sister got in trouble.
Rumor has it
that
she goes to our gym.
Rumor has it
that
he will not return.
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Future
Perfect Tense အေၾကာင္းေလ႔လာၾကည္႔ရေအာင္ပါ
- sub + will
+ have + verb-3.ပုံစံျဖစ္ပါတယ္...အနာဂါတ္ကာလမွာျဖစ္ၿပီးမဲ႔ ကိစၥအတြက္
အသုံးျပဳပါတယ္....ဥပမာ....မနက္ျဖန္ မွာ A အသင္းနဲ႔B အသင္း ညေန ၄ နာရီကေန ငါးနာရီခြဲထိ
ယွဥ္ျပိဳင္ေဘာ႔လုံးကစားၾကလိမ္႔မယ္.......ဒါဆုိ....မနက္ျဖန္ ညေန ၆ နာရီမွာဆုိ..ေဘာ႔လုံးကစားလုိ႔ၿပီးသြားၿပီးေပါ႔.....။
ဒီလုိအေျခေနမ်ိဳးမွာသုံးပါတယ္။
- Three hours from now, the cinema will be empty,
the film will have
finished. ( အခုကေန ေနာက္ သုံးနာရီေလာက္ဆုိ ရုပ္ရွင္ရုံထဲမွာ ဘယ္သူမွ မရွိေတာ႔ဘူး....ရုပ္ရွင္ျပၿပီး
ျဖစ္ေနလိမ္႔မယ္ )
Future perfect tense
- sub + will + have + verb-3.
- U Ba and Daw Hla have been married for 24 years.
Next year they will have
been married for 25 years.
Past present Future
Simple past Simple present Future
Past continuous Present continuous Future continuous
Past perfect Present perfect Future
perfect
Present perfect
continuous
V-ing
- Is there any point in + V-ing.?
- There is no point in + V-ing.
- I wonder if you mind + V-ing.
- Let me know if you feel like + V-ing.
- Who’s going to take responsibility for V-ing. ?
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Prefer အသုံးကုိေလ႔လာၾကည္႔ရေအာင္...ေရြးခ်ယ္စရာရွိတဲ႔အထဲကတစ္ခုခုကုိ
ႏွစ္ၿခိဳက္စြာေရြးခ်ယ္လုိက္တာမွာသုံးပါတယ္..အသုံးမ်ားပါတယ္
Sub + would
prefer to + verb-1 ( something ) rather than + verb-1
•I ‘d prefer to watch
a movie at a theater rather
than watch a movie at home.
( အိမ္မွာ ရုပ္ရွင္ၾကည္႔ရတာထက္ စာရင္ ရုပ္ရွင္ရုမွာ သြားၾကည္႔ရတာပုိႀကိဳက္တယ္)
•I‟d prefer to
swim rather than
walk in road.( လမ္းေလွ်ာက္ရတာထက္စာရင္ ေရကူးရတာကုိပုိႀကိဳက္တယ္ )
Sub + would prefer to + verb-1 ( something ) rather
than + verb-1 ( something )
He‟d prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
They‟d prefer to study English rather than spend time.
I would
prefer to
eat Italian food tonight rather
than French food.
I would
prefer to
relax at home tonight than
to go to David's party.
Ann prefers to live in the country rather than (live) in a city.
I'd prefer
( something ) to (
something)
I prefer
this coat to the
coat you were wearing yesterday.
I prefer
driving to
traveling by train.
Which do you prefer tea or coffee?
I prefer
tea to coffee.
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A: Where do you live? ( ဘယ္မွာေနလဲ )
B: I live in Pasadena. ( က်ေနာ္ Pasadena မွာေနပါတယ္)
A: Where is Pasadena? ( Pasadena ကဘယ္မွာလဲ )
B: It’s in California. ( ကယ္လဖုိးနီးယားမွာေလ )
A: Is it in northern California?( ေျမာက္ပုိင္း ကယ္လ္ဖုိးနီးယားလား)
B: No. It’s in southern California. ( မဟုတ္ဘူး....ေတာင္ပုိင္း
)
A: Is Pasadena a big city?
B: It’s pretty big.
A: How big is "pretty big"?
B: It has about 140,000 people.
A: How big is Los Angeles?
B: It has about 3 million people.
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တရားမမူ႔ - Civil suit
ျပစ္မူ႔ - Criminal case
တရားမမူ႔ ( တရားလုိ ) – Plaintiff
တရားမမူ႔ ( တရားၿပိဳင္ ) – Defendant
ျပစ္မူ႔ ( တရားလုိ ) - Complainant
ၿပစ္မူ႔ ( တရားခံ ) – Accused
သက္ေသ - Witness
မ်က္ျမင္သက္ေသ - Eye witness...
သက္ေသခံ - Evidence
မမွန္သက္ေသ - False evidence
အာမခံေပးျခင္း - Bail
အယူခံ၀င္ျခင္း - Appeal
၀န္ခံခ်က္ - Admission
ေျဖာင္႔ခ်က္ - Confession
အားေပးကူညီသူ - Abettor
ပူးတြဲတရားခံ - Co- accused
တရားေသလႊတ္ျခင္း - Acquittal
တရားရွင္လႊတ္ျခင္း - Discharge
စီရင္ခ်က္ - Judgement
ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ - Decision
စုံစံေမးျမန္းျခင္း - Investigation
စစ္ေဆးျခင္း - Examination
လူေသမူ႔ - Homicide
မိမိကုိယ္ကုိယ္မိမိသတ္ေသမူ႔ - Suicide
လူသတ္မူ႔ - Murder
ျပန္ေပးမူ႔ - Kidnapping
လုယက္မူ႔ - Robbery
ဓါးျပမူ႔ - Dacoity
ေျခာက္လွန္႔ေတာင္းယူမူ႔ - Extortion
ခုိးမူ႔ - Theft
နာက်င္ေစမူ႔ - Hurt
လက္ေရာက္မူ႔ - Assault
လိမ္လည္မူ႔ - Cheating
လိမ္လည္အတုျပဳမူ႔ - Forgery
အက်ိဳးဖ်က္ဆီးမူ႔ - Mischief
အိမ္ေဖာက္ထြင္းမူ႔ - House breaking
အိမ္ေက်ာ္နင္းမူ႔ - House trespass
မုဒိန္းမူ႔ - Rape
မယားခုိးမူ႔ - Adultery
လာဒ္စားမူ႔ - Bribery
အလြဲသုံးစားျပဳမူ႔ - Embezzlement
တရားခံေျပး၊၀ရမ္းေျပး - Fugitive
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က်ေနာ္ နားလည္မူ႔လြဲတာ
ျဖစ္ေကာင္းျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္...ဒီကိစၥက ဒါဆုိတာေသခ်ာရဲ႕လားဗ်ာ ဆုိတာကုိေျပာခ်င္တယ္ဆုိရင္.......
Perhaps I
misunderstood, but are you quite sure…? ပုံစံကုိအသုံးျပဳႏုိင္ပါတယ္....မိမိေျပာလုိတဲ႔
အေၾကာင္းအရာ စာေၾကာင္းကုိ တည္ေဆာက္ၿပီး..ယခုစာေၾကာင္းေနာက္က ကပ္သုံးလုိက္ပါ။
Perhaps I
misunderstood, but are you quite sure the meeting was
cancelled? ( က်ေနာ္နားလည္မူ႔လြဲတာ
ျဖစ္ေကာင္းျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္.....အစည္းေ၀းဖ်က္လုိက္တယ္ဆုိတာ ေသခ်ာရဲ႕လားဗ်ာ။ )
There is a seat available on the 2.30 flight.
You will come my home next week.
He is going to university.
They can win the football match in this season.
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ေမး……..ဆရာႀကီး႐ွင့္"Back when he went off to
university,...."မွာ back when ကို ဘယ္လိုအဓိပါၸယ္နဲ႔သုံးလည္းဆိုတာသိခ်င္ပါတယ္႐ွင့္။ေနာက္
ၿပီးအဲဒီအသုံးအႏွုန္းေလးေတြကိုလည္း႐ွင္းျပေပးေစ လိုပါတယ္႐ွင့္။
ေျဖ…..back when ( way back when
) အီဒီယမ္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္……..A
time in the distant past.( ဟုိးအတိတ္တခ်ိန္
) ဆုိတဲ႔ အဓိပါယ္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
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ေမး……ကၽႊန္မ
deadline ေပၚေရာက္ေနတယ္ဆိုတာမ်ိဳး (သတင္းေထာက္အခ်င္းခ်င္းကိုေျပာခ်င္တာမ်ိဳးပါ) ဆိုရင္
I'm facing a deadline နဲ႔ I prefer working to a deadline ဆိုတဲ့ ဝါက်ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးကိုသံုးမယ္ဆုိ
မွန္ကယ္ပါသလားရွင္။ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ဘယ္လိုသံုးလို႔ရႏိုင္ပါမလဲရွင္။
ေျဖ…….deadline
ဆုိတဲ႔ အဓိပါယ္က.....( လုပ္ငန္း
ဒါမွမဟုတ္ တစ္ခုခု ) ၿပီးစီးရန္သတ္မွတ္ထားေသာ ေနာက္ဆုံးအခ်ိန္ ၊
There's no way I can meet that deadline.
I am working to a tight deadline
I'm afraid you've missed the deadline
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တူညီတာနဲ႔ ၊ မတူညီတာ
( ျခားနာတာကုိ ) သုံးမယ္ဆုိရင္ the same as နဲ႔ different from ကုိသုံးပါမယ္....ေရွ႕က
Verb to be ႀကိယာကုိခံသုံးပါမယ္.....ဥပမာ....•Your idea is the same as / different from
mine.
( မင္းအယူအဆနဲ႔ ငါ႔အယူအဆနဲ႔က တူတယ္။ ( မတူဘူး - ျခားနားတယ္)။
•Maung Maung's
town is the same as
/ different from
Maung Ba‟.
( ေမာင္ေမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နဲ႔ ေမာင္ဘေနတဲ႔ၿမိဳ႕က တူတယ္
)........မတူဘူး။
တူညီမႈ႔ ၊ ၿခားနားမႈ႕
Our country
climate is the same as Thailand's
Ask to / for
I would like
to go ask you to go to market.
She asked everyone to leave.
I asked
the taxi driver to
drive to leave from here.
I know that he wants to ask me for some money.
They asked me for
having lunch.
Maung Ba never asks anybody for helping.
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What will I be when I grow up?
When I grow up I’ll work with animals. I don’t know
which job yet.
( ငါႀကီးလာရင္ တိရိစၦာန္ေတြနဲ႔ လုပ္ရတဲ႔အလုပ္လုပ္မယ္။ ဘာအလုပ္လည္းဆုိတာေတာ႔
ငါမသိေသးဘူး )
Maybe like my brother, he’s a special vet.
( ငါ႔အစ္ကုိလုိျဖစ္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္...သူက တိရိစၦာန္အထူးကုဆရာ၀န္ေလ
)
He looks after scary snakes, some just out of eggs.
( သူက ဥထဲက ထြက္လာတဲ႔ ေၾကာက္စရာေကာင္းတဲ႔ ေၿမြေလးေတြကုိေစာင္႔ေရွာက္ရတာေလ
)
He says that they are easy as they don’t have any
legs.
( သူကေျပာတယ္...သူတုိ႔မွာ ေျခေထာင္မရွိေသးခင္ လြယ္ပါတယ္တဲ႔
)
My father is a scientist. He works to save rare
birds
Some are really clever, and can even say some words.
My mother is a dog groomer. She loves dogs, big or
small.
Once she styled a poodle, it looked just like a ball
My sister, she trains dolphins. They practice in the
pool.
She hears them talk and sing - that sounds really
cool!
So many animal jobs to choose but which one’s right
for me?
Because I’m only 10 years old, I’ll have to wait and
see.
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သီးမခံႏုိင္ေတာ႔ဘူးဆုိတာကုိေျပာခ်င္ရင္...Can’t
stand + Verb ing.ကုိအသုံးျပဳႏုိင္ပါတယ္....မိမိဆုိလုိခ်င္တဲ႔
အေၾကာင္းအရာရဲ႕ Verb ကုိIng ေပါင္းသုံးေပးျခင္းျဖင္႔ စကားမ်ားေျပာဆုိႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
•I can’t stand
listening to the child’s crying.( ကေလးငုိေနတာကုိနားေထာင္ရတာ သီးမခံႏုိင္ေတာ႔ဘူးဗ်ာ
)
•Thomas can't stand being alone
on weekends.( ေသာမတ္က စေန၊ တနဂၤေနြမွာ တစ္ေယာက္ထဲေနရတာသီးမခံႏုိင္ေတာ႔ဘူး)
Can’t stand + Verb ing.
They can't stand eating their
mother's horrible cooking.
She can’t stand waiting for her husband.
I can’t
stand hearing what you are saying.
They can't stand watching the football.
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Elizabeth : Chris, where are you going? ( ခရစ္ ဘယ္သြားမလုိ႔လဲ
)
Chris : I'm going to the store. I need to buy
something. ( စတုိးဆုိင္သြားမလုိ႔....၀ယ္ဖုိ႔ တစ္ခုလုိေနလုိ႔ပါ )
Elizabeth : Really? I need to go to the store too. (
တကယ္လား....ငါလည္း စတုိးဆုိင္သြားဖုိ႔ လုိေနလုိ႔ )
Chris : Would you like to come with me?( မင္းနဲ႔ ငါနဲ႔
လုိက္ခ်င္လား )
I
Live in Pasadena
A: Where do you live?
B: I live in Pasadena.
A: Where is Pasadena?
B: It’s in California.
A: Is it in northern California?
B: No. It’s in southern California.
A: Is Pasadena a big city?
B: It’s pretty big.
A: How big is "pretty big"?
B: It has about 140,000 people.
A: How big is Los Angeles?
B: It has about 3 million people.
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Tag
Question အေၾကာင္းေလ႔လာၾကည္႔ရေအာင္ ၊ အသုံးမ်ားပါတယ္ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲလုိက္လာတဲ႔
ေမးခြန္းတုိေလးမ်ားပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္.........
•Maung Maung is a
student.
•Is Maung Maung a
student ? ဆုိတာက သာမာန္ေမးခြန္းပုံစံျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
•Maung Maung is a
student , isn’t he ?
( ေမာင္ေမာင္က ေက်ာင္းသား....မဟုတ္လား ) ဆုိတာ Tag Question ျဖစ္ပါတယ္....ေနာက္ကေန
မဟုတ္လားဆုိတာေလးနဲ႔ေမးထားတာပါ
•Can you play the
guitar ? - ဒါက သာမာန္ေမးခြန္းပုံစံျဖစ္ပါတယ္
•You can play the
guitar, can’t you ?( မင္း ဂစ္တာ တီးတတ္တယ္ ...မဟုတ္လား )....Tag Question ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Do you walk every morning, ?
You walk
every morning, don’t you ?
She gets up early morning.
Does she get up early morning ?
She gets up
early morning, doesn’t she
?
Maung Ba will come here very soon.
Will Maung Ba come here very soon ?
Maung Ba will come here very soon, won’t he ?
You have finished your breakfast.
Have you finished your breakfast ?
You have finished your breakfast , haven’t you ?
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================================
ဒါလုပ္ဖုိ႔ (
.........) အလွည္႔ဆုိတာေျပာခ်င္ရင္
It’s my turn
to + Verb-1 ပုံစံကုိအသုံးျပဳႏုိင္ပါတယ္....မိမိေျပာဆုိ
လုိတဲ႔ အေၾကာင္းအရာရဲ႕ Verb-1 ႀကိယာကုိ ေနာက္ကေနကပ္သုံးလုိက္ပါ
It's my turn
to
do laundry."( အ၀တ္ေလွ်ာ္ဖုိ႔ဟာ ငါ႔အလွည္႔ )
It's my turn
to
take out the trash."( အမႈိက္ေတြပစ္ဖုိ႔ဟာ ငါ႔အလွည္႔ )
It's my turn
to
choose where we eat.( ဘယ္မွာသြားစားရမလည္းဆုိ ေရြးဖုိ႔ဟာ ငါ႔အလွည္႔ )
It is my turn
to
pay for dinner."
It is my turn
to
provide an answer."
It is my turn
to
try and play the game."
It is my turn
to
attempt solving the problem."
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---------------------------------------------------
Sweet - ခ်ိဳေသာ
Sour - ခ်ဥ္ေသာ
Tart - ခ်ဥ္စုတ္စုတ္အရသာ
Sharp - ခ်ဥ္စူးေနေသာ
Bitter - ခါးေသာ
Hot - စပ္ေသာ
Salty - ငန္ေသာ
Bland - ဖြယ္ေသာ
Insipid - အရသာမရွိေသာ၊ေပါ႔ပ်က္ပ်က္ႏုိင္ေသာ
Stale - ေအာက္သုိးသုိးနံေသာ
Mellow - မႊတ္ေသာ အရသာ
Rotten - ပုတ္တဲ႔ အရသာ
Tangy - အနံ႔အရသာစူးစူး
Savour ( Savor ) - တစိမ္႔စိမ္႔ အရသာ
Spicy - အေမႊးအႀကိဳင္ကဲေသာ။ အနံ႕အရသာ စူးေသာ
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အလြယ္တကူအစားထုိးသုံးစြဲႏုိင္ေသာ အဂၤလိပ္စကားေျပာပုံစံ
=================================
ဒါမျဖစ္ရင္ ( မပါရင္
၊ မရွိရင္ ၊ မလုပ္ရင္ ) ေကာင္းမယ္ဆုိတာကုိေျပာခ်င္ရင္
Sub'd be
better off without Noun.....ပုံစံကုိ အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္ပါတယ္.......
•We’d be better off without them as
neighbors.( အိမ္နားနီးျခင္း အေနနဲ႔ သူမရွိရင္ ေကာင္းမယ္ )
•We’d be better off without him at the
party.( ပါတီပြဲမွာ သူမပါရင္ ( မရွိရင္ ) ေကာင္းမယ္ )
They’d be
better off without their wives around them.
I’d be better
off without the incident on my mind.
DIALOGUES:
A: Our new dog has been howling all night long.
B: I know. It’s really getting on my nerves.
A: We should have gotten a quieter pet, like a fish.
B: I agree. I think we'd be better off without a dog.
A: So what are we going to do?
B: I guess we’ll have to bring it back to the animal
shelter.
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===============
To
lend a hand = to help( ကူညီသည္ )
The Smiths' neighbors lent a hand when they were building their new
fence
(The neighbors helped them build the new fence).
( သူတုိ႔ၿခံစည္းရုိးကာၾကတဲ႔အခါ..စမစ္ အိမ္နားနီးျခင္းေတြက
၀ုိင္းကူၾကတယ္ )
In hot water = in
trouble ( ဒုကၡေရာက္ျခင္း ၊ ျပသနာတက္ျခင္း )
Bob didn't do his homework, so he's going to be/get
in hot water! (from the teacher)
( ေဘာ႔ဟာ အိမ္စာေတြမလုပ္ဘူး…ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူေတာ႔ သူ႔ဆရာနဲ႔ ျပသနာတက္လိမ္႔မယ္ )
It’s a deal =
Okay, I agree, it will be done! ( အဆင္ေျပပါတယ္၊ သေဘာတူပါတယ္ )
You want to sell me your stereo for $100?( မင္းရဲ႕ စတီရီယုိ
ငါ႔ကုိ ေရာင္းခ်င္လား )
It's a deal. ( ေရာင္းခ်င္တာေပါ႔…ဒီကိစၥ ငါသေဘာတူပါတယ္)
Bill: Let's go to dinner together tonight.( ဒီည ညစာအတူတူသြားစားၾကရေအာင္
)
Mary: It's a deal.( အဆင္ေျပတာေပါ႔…သေဘာတူပါတယ္ )။
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I’m Bored
Jay: I’m bored. Let’s do something fun!
Lyle: Okay. Let’s do a puzzle!
Jay: Doing a puzzle is boring!
Lyle: Okay. Let’s listen to music!
Jay: Listening to music is boring!
Lyle: Okay. Let’s play video games.
Jay: I want to play outside, not inside.
Lyle: Okay. Let’s play with fireworks!
Jay: Playing with fireworks is dangerous.
Lyle: Okay. Let’s go to the park and play catch with my Frisbee.
Jay: That’s a great idea!
Jay: I’m bored. Let’s do something fun!
Lyle: Okay. Let’s do a puzzle!
Jay: Doing a puzzle is boring!
Lyle: Okay. Let’s listen to music!
Jay: Listening to music is boring!
Lyle: Okay. Let’s play video games.
Jay: I want to play outside, not inside.
Lyle: Okay. Let’s play with fireworks!
Jay: Playing with fireworks is dangerous.
Lyle: Okay. Let’s go to the park and play catch with my Frisbee.
Jay: That’s a great idea!
- What do you do when you are bored?
- What can you do outside?
- What can you do inside?
- What things are dangerous?
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Series
1 Episode 1 - Meeting Friends
Johnny: Hello! Hello? Excuse me! Excuse me?
Olivia: Just sit down anywhere – they don’t have waiters in here!
Johnny: Oh, ok, is it ok if I sit here?
Olivia: Sure...but you’ll need to go to the counter if you want anything...
Johnny: Actually, I’m not really here to eat, or anything. I’m supposed to be meeting someone.
Olivia: Well, wait here long enough, most of London will come in...
Johnny: Sorry?
Olivia: Just joking.
Sarah: Excuse me, is anybody sitting here?
Olivia: I can’t see anyone!
Sarah: Sorry?
Olivia: Just joking. Go ahead, sit down.
Sarah: Thanks.
Olivia: You might be waiting a while if you sit here.
Sarah: Sorry?
Olivia: There are no waiters here – people usually just go up to the counter and order whatever they want.
Sarah: Oh...well...I’m just supposed to be meeting someone here actually...
Olivia: Not him, by any chance?
Sarah: Who?
Olivia: This guy here!
Johnny: Hello!
Sarah: Oh. No...
Johnny: No...I am waiting to meet someone...but not you! Where are you from, anyway?
Sarah: Well, I live in London now, but I’m originally from Shanghai.
Johnny: Thought so! I’m from Hong Kong.
Olivia: Sorry to interrupt..but who are you both waiting for?
Johnny: I’m waiting for my friend Harry...
Sarah: ...and I’m waiting for my friend Magda...
Olivia: How interesting!
Johnny: Erm...why’s that interesting?
Olivia: Because Harry and Magda are both friends of mine as well, and right now I’m waiting for both of them too...and here they are!
All: Hello
Olivia: Let’s make this easier - I’m Olivia!
Johnny: I’m Johnny. I’m a friend of...
Harry: ...mine. He’s a friend of mine. I’m Harry.
Sarah: Ok! I’m Sarah, and I’m a friend of...
Magda: ...mine! I’m Magda. Nice to meet you!
Olivia: This is complicated, isn’t it? Shall I get some tea? I think we’ll need a big pot, this might take some time. So, how do we all know each other..?
Johnny: Hello! Hello? Excuse me! Excuse me?
Olivia: Just sit down anywhere – they don’t have waiters in here!
Johnny: Oh, ok, is it ok if I sit here?
Olivia: Sure...but you’ll need to go to the counter if you want anything...
Johnny: Actually, I’m not really here to eat, or anything. I’m supposed to be meeting someone.
Olivia: Well, wait here long enough, most of London will come in...
Johnny: Sorry?
Olivia: Just joking.
Sarah: Excuse me, is anybody sitting here?
Olivia: I can’t see anyone!
Sarah: Sorry?
Olivia: Just joking. Go ahead, sit down.
Sarah: Thanks.
Olivia: You might be waiting a while if you sit here.
Sarah: Sorry?
Olivia: There are no waiters here – people usually just go up to the counter and order whatever they want.
Sarah: Oh...well...I’m just supposed to be meeting someone here actually...
Olivia: Not him, by any chance?
Sarah: Who?
Olivia: This guy here!
Johnny: Hello!
Sarah: Oh. No...
Johnny: No...I am waiting to meet someone...but not you! Where are you from, anyway?
Sarah: Well, I live in London now, but I’m originally from Shanghai.
Johnny: Thought so! I’m from Hong Kong.
Olivia: Sorry to interrupt..but who are you both waiting for?
Johnny: I’m waiting for my friend Harry...
Sarah: ...and I’m waiting for my friend Magda...
Olivia: How interesting!
Johnny: Erm...why’s that interesting?
Olivia: Because Harry and Magda are both friends of mine as well, and right now I’m waiting for both of them too...and here they are!
All: Hello
Olivia: Let’s make this easier - I’m Olivia!
Johnny: I’m Johnny. I’m a friend of...
Harry: ...mine. He’s a friend of mine. I’m Harry.
Sarah: Ok! I’m Sarah, and I’m a friend of...
Magda: ...mine! I’m Magda. Nice to meet you!
Olivia: This is complicated, isn’t it? Shall I get some tea? I think we’ll need a big pot, this might take some time. So, how do we all know each other..?
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လမ္းေမးျခင္း
အဂၤလိပ္စာ သိေကာင္းစရာ အျဖာျဖာ
တစ္ေနရာရာသြားမလို႕ လမ္းမသိရင္ ေမးလိုက္တာက ပိုၿပီးေတာ့
လြယ္ကူပါတယ္။ လမ္းေမးတဲ့အခါ လမ္းၫႊန္လာတာကို နားလည္ႏိုင္ဖို႕လိုပါတယ္။ ဒီသင္ခန္းစာမွာ
ဘယ္လိုသြားရမလဲ လမ္းေျပာျပတာကို ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္ နားလည္ႏိုင္ဖို႕ အၾကားကြၽမ္းက်င္မႈကို အနည္းငယ္
ထပ္ၿပီး ေလ့လာမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
အဓိကအေရးပါတဲ့စကားလံုးအခ်ိဳ႕ကို မွတ္မိေအာင္ေလ့လာထားရပါမယ္။
လမ္းေျပာတဲ့အခါမွာ ဒီ စကားလံုးေတြကို မၾကာမၾကာ သံုးေလ့႐ွိတဲ့အတြက္ ေခါင္းထဲမွာ စြဲသြားတဲ့အထိ
အထပ္ထပ္ ေလ့က်င့္ပါ။ လမ္းေျပာျပတဲ့ စကားအသံုးအႏႈန္း အမ်ားအျပားရွိပါတယ္။ အဲဒီအသံုးမ်ားတဲ့
စကားစုေတြအားလံုးကို ၿခံဳမိေအာင္ ေျပာျပပါမယ္။ ဒီသင္ခန္းစာကို ေလ့လာၿပီးရင္ ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္
လမ္းၫႊန္ႏိုင္႐ံုမက သူတပါးက လမ္းေျပာျပတာကိုလည္း နားလည္ႏိုင္မွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္လမ္းေမးရင္ excuse me (တစ္ဆိတ္ေလာက္) ဆိုတဲ့
စကားနဲ႕ စတင္သင့္ပါတယ္။ excuse me ရဲ႕ အသံထြက္ကို တိုေအာင္ခ်ဳပ္ၿပီး 'scuse me.' လို႔
အျမန္ေျပာလို႕ရပါတယ္။
"Excuse me. Do you know where the post office is?"တစ္ဆိတ္၊ စာတိုက္ဘယ္ မွာရွိလဲသိပါသလား။
"Excuse me. Can you point me to the nearest gas
station?"တစ္ဆိတ္၊ အနီးဆံုးဓာတ္ဆီဆိုင္ကို ၫႊန္ျပေပးႏိုင္မလား။
"Excuse me. Can you give me quick directions to
the movie theatre?"
တစ္ဆိတ္၊ ႐ုပ္ရွင္႐ံုကို ဘယ္လိုသြားရမလဲ အလြယ္တကူ ေျပာျပလိုက္ႏိုင္မလား။
"Excuse me. Do you know how to get to the
Shopping mall from here?"
တစ္ဆိတ္၊ ဒီကေန ေစ်းကို ဘယ္လိုသြားရမလဲသိပါသလား။
"Excuse me. How do I get to the freeway from
here?"တစ္ဆိတ္၊ ဒီကေန အေ၀းေျပးလမ္းမႀကီးကို ဘယ္လိုသြားရမလဲ။
"Excuse me. I'm looking for Bank of America. I
thought it was around here. Do you know where it is?
တစ္ဆိတ္၊ Bank of America ကို သြားခ်င္လို႕ပါ။ ဒီနားမွာ
ရွိတယ္ထင္ပါတယ္။ ဘယ္မွာရွိသလဲသိပါသလား။
"Excuse me. I'm looking for the post office. Do
you know how to get there?"
စာတိုက္ကိုသြားမလို႕ပါ။ ဘယ္လမ္းကသြားရမလဲသိပါသလား။
"Excuse me. What is the best way to get to
Seattle?"ဆီယားတဲလ္ၿမိဳ႕ကို ဘယ္လမ္းကသြားရင္အေကာင္းဆံုးပါလဲ။
လမ္းေမးတဲ့အခါမွာ ေျဖတဲ့သူက လမ္းကို အတိုနည္းနဲ႕ ေျပာျပေလ့ရွိပါတယ္။
ေနာက္တစ္ပိုင္းမွာေတာ့ လမ္းေျပာတဲ့အခါမွာ အသံုးမ်ားတဲ့ စကားစုေတြကို စာရင္းလုပ္ၿပီး
ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာေလ့လာထားပါ။ ဒါမွတစ္ျခားသူက လမ္းေျပာျပတဲ့အခါ 'one more time.' ေနာက္တစ္ေခါက္ထပ္ေျပာပါလို႕
မေျပာရေတာ့ဘဲ နားလည္ႏိုင္မွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
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အလုပ္ေလွ်ာက္ထားျခင္း (Applying for a job)
ျပီးခဲ့တဲ့တစ္ေခါက္က Jam
က director ျဖစ္တဲ့ Alison က Jam မွာလုပ္စရာအလုပ္ေတြမ်ားလြန္းလို႕ Web designer
အသစ္တစ္ေယာက္ေခၚဖို႔ လုပ္ေနရာလစ္လပ္ေၾကာင္းေၾကာ္ျငာေခၚဖို႔ျပင္ဆင္ေနတာမွတ္မိမွာပါ။
အခုသူမက အလုပ္ေလွ်ာက္ထားသူေတြရဲ႕ ေလွ်ာက္ထားစာေတြကိုၾကည့္ရင္း Jeff ကိုလွမ္းေျပာလိုက္တယ္။
“ဒီတစ္ေယာက္ေတာ့ပို အဆင္ေျပပုံပဲ။ ေကာင္းျပီ။ Jeff ေရ။ သူ႔ကို လူေတြ႔ စစ္ေဆးေခၚေအာင္” တဲ့၊၊
Sanjeev ကေတာ့ေလွ်ာက္ထားသူေတြထဲကတစ္ေယာက္ပါ။ ေနာက္နာရီဝက္ေလာက္ ၾကာေတာ့ အလုပ္ေလွ်ာက္ထားစာေတြ ထပ္ေရာက္လာပါတယ္။
“Jeff ေရဘာမ်ားလဲ။”
အခုသူမက အလုပ္ေလွ်ာက္ထားသူေတြရဲ႕ ေလွ်ာက္ထားစာေတြကိုၾကည့္ရင္း Jeff ကိုလွမ္းေျပာလိုက္တယ္။
“ဒီတစ္ေယာက္ေတာ့ပို အဆင္ေျပပုံပဲ။ ေကာင္းျပီ။ Jeff ေရ။ သူ႔ကို လူေတြ႔ စစ္ေဆးေခၚေအာင္” တဲ့၊၊
Sanjeev ကေတာ့ေလွ်ာက္ထားသူေတြထဲကတစ္ေယာက္ပါ။ ေနာက္နာရီဝက္ေလာက္ ၾကာေတာ့ အလုပ္ေလွ်ာက္ထားစာေတြ ထပ္ေရာက္လာပါတယ္။
“Jeff ေရဘာမ်ားလဲ။”
“ေနာက္ထပ္
အလုပ္ေလွ်ာက္ထားစာေတြ ထပ္ေရာက္လာပါတယ္္။ ဒီတစ္ေယာက္ေတာ့ သင့္ေတာ္ တဲ့
အလုပ္အေတြ႔အၾကဳံ လဲရွိတယ္။ သူ႕စာကလဲေကာင္းတယ္။”
ဒါေပမဲ့ Alison
ကေတာ့စိတ္ၾကိဳက္မေတြ႔႔ပါဘူး။
“ခက္တာပဲဘယ္တစ္ေယာက္မွသင့္ေတာ္တဲ့့လုပ္ငန္းအေတြ႔အၾကဳံ
မရွိဘူး။”
Sanjeev
ရဲ႕စာကိုၾကည့္ရေအာင္။
စာရဲ႕ဖြဲ႕စည္းပုံ
(structure) ကိုအရင္ၾကည့္မယ္ေနာ္။ စာရဲ႕ညာဖက္ေထာင့္မွာကိုယ့္လိပ္စာ
(အခုေနာက္ပိုင္းဘယ္ဖက္ခ်ည္းပဲလဲကပ္ေရးၾကတယ္)
ေအာက္ဖက္ဘယ္ဖက္ကပ္ျပီးအလုပ္ရွင္နဲ႔ကုမၸဏီလိပ္စာ။
ျပီးေတာ့တစ္ေၾကာင္းျခားရက္စြဲ၊ ျပီးေတာ့တစ္ေၾကာင္းျခားစာဖတ္မည့္သူကိုနာမည္ေခၚ။
(ဒီေနရာမွာ နာမည္သိျပီးသားမို႔ Dear Sir/Madam လို႔မေရးဖူး။ အမ်ိဳးသမီးမို႔လို႔၊
အိမ္ေထာင္ရွိမရွိလဲမသိလို႔ Ms ကိုထိပ္မွာတပ္ Family name ‘Lime’ နဲ႔တြဲျပီး Ms
Lime လို႔ေခၚတာမွတ္ထားရ မယ္။)
စာကိုယ္ပိုင္းကိုနိဒါန္းပ်ိဳးစာပိုဒ္
(Introductory Paragraph) နဲ႔စတယ္။ စာကိုယ္ကိုလည္း တစ္ပိုဒ္ နဲ႔ တစ္ပိုဒ္
စာတစ္ေၾကာင္းျခားတာသတိျပဳမိမွာပါ။
စာဖတ္သူအျမင္ရွင္းေတာ့ကိုယ့္စာကိုသူပိုျပီးနားလည္လြယ္တာေပါ့။
အခု * ရဲ့စာကိုျပန္ဖတ္ၾကည့္မယ္။ စာလုံးမဲေတြကိုဂ႐ုစိုက္ျပီး ၾကည့္ မယ္ေနာ္။ သူတို႔က
အတြဲလိုက္မွတ္ထားျပီး စာေရးတဲ့အခါ ျပန္သုံးသင့္တဲ့အသုံး အႏႈန္းေတြပါ။
I am writing in
response to your advertisement in Design Weekly for the post of
designer.
ကြၽန္ေတာ္သည္ Design
Weekly စာေစာင္မွာပါေသာ Designer ရာထူးအလုပ္ေၾကာ္ျငာ ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ျပီးေလွ်ာက္္ထားျခင္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။
My CV is
attached.
ကြၽန္ေတာ္၏
ကိုယ္ေရးအခ်က္အလက္ (CV: Curriculum Vitae) ကိုေနာက္ဆက္တြဲေဖာ္ျပထားပါသည္။
Currently, I am
a designer for the Philip Brown Agency …လက္ရွိကြၽန္ေတာ္သည္ Philip
Brown Agency မွ designer တစ္ဦးျဖစ္ပါသည္။ …….. where I am responsible
for designing web pages and brochures.
ဤကုမၸဏီတြင္ကြၽန္ေတာ္သည္
web page မ်ားႏွင့္ brochure လက္ကမ္းစာေစာင္မ်ားဒီဇိုင္း
ေရးဆြဲျခင္းကိုတာဝန္ယူရပါသည္။
I have a
degree in graphic design and an MA in multimedia technology.
ကြၽန္ေတာ္သည္ graphic
design ႏွင့္ဘြဲ႔ရထားျပီး multimedia technology ႏွင့္မဟာဝိဇၨာ
ဘြဲ႕ကိုရယူထားပါသည္။
To discuss this
application further, I am available for interview at your
convenience.
ယခုေလွ်ာက္လႊာႏွင့္
ပတ္သက္၍ အေသးစိတ္ ေဆြးေႏြးလိုပါက ကြၽန္ေတာ္သည္ လူေတြ႔ စစ္ေဆးျခင္းအတြက္
အဆင္သင့္ရွိပါသည္။
I look forward
to hearing from you in due course.လူၾကီးမင္းတို႔ထံမွ
အေၾကာင္းျပန္ျခင္းကိုေစာင့္ေမွ်ာ္ေနပါသည္။
Yours sincerely
ေလးစားစြာျဖင့္
(ဒီေနရာမွာလည္းခုနအစ မွာ Ms Lime လို႔ေခၚလို႔ဒီလိုအဆုံးသတ္္တာပါ။ Dear Sir/
Madam ဆိုရင္ Yours faithfully လို႔တပ္ၾကပါတယ္။
ေနာက္ထပ္မွတ္သားစရာက
စာေၾကာင္းေတြမွာ အတိုေကာက္ (Contracted Form) ျဖစ္တဲ႔ I'm လို႔မေရးပဲ I am
လို႔အရွည္အျပည့္အစုံေရးရတယ္။ အဲ့ဒါဟာ ရုံးစာ (formal letter) ျဖစ္ေနလို႔ပါပဲ။
ေျပာစကားနဲ႔မေရးပဲ ရုံးသုံးစကားဆန္ေအာင္ ေရးရတာပါ။
စာတစ္ေခါက္ထပ္ဖတ္ပါဦး။
Sanjeev
ရဲ႕လက္ရွိအလုပ္ကဘာလဲ။ (What is Sanjeev job now?)
ဘာအလုပ္လုပ္တာလဲ။ (What
exactly does he do?)
သူ႕မွာ
ဘာပညာေရးႏွင့္အလုပ္အရည္အခ်င္းဘာေတြရွိလဲ။ (What are his qualifications?)
1.Q. What is Sanjeev’s job now?A: He is a designer for the Philip Brown Agency.
1.Q. What is Sanjeev’s job now?A: He is a designer for the Philip Brown Agency.
2.Q: What exactly does
he do?A: He is responsible for designing webpages and brochures.
3.Q: What are his
qualifications?A: He has a degree in graphic design and an MA in multimedia
technology.
ခြဲျခမ္းစိတ္ျဖာၾကည့္ရေအာင္၊
ကိုယ့္ရဲ႕လက္ရွိအလုပ္ကိုေျပာခ်င္ရင္
-
|
Subject
|
V
(be)
|
Article
|
Job
|
Company
|
|
I
|
am
|
a
|
designer
|
for
the Philip Brown Agency.
|
|
He/She
|
is
|
a
|
designer
|
for
the Philip Brown Agency.
|
|
They
|
are
|
_____________
|
designers
|
for
the Philip Brown Agency.
|
ကိုယ္ဘာအလုပ္လုပ္လဲေျပာခ်င္ရင္ -
|
Subject
|
V
(be)
|
Adj
|
for
+ Noun/V-ing
|
|
I
|
am
|
responsible
|
for
designing web pages and brochures.
|
|
He/She
|
is
|
responsible
|
for
designing web pages and brochures.
|
|
They
|
are
|
responsible
|
for
designing web pages and brochures.
|
ကိုယ္ပညာအရည္အခ်င္းအေၾကာင္းေျပာခ်င္ရင္
|
Subject
|
V
(have)
|
Degree
|
Specialisation
|
|
I
|
have
|
a
degree
|
in
graphic design.
|
|
He/She
|
has
|
a
degree
|
in
graphic design.
|
|
I
|
have
|
an
MA
|
in
multimedia technology.
|
|
He/She
|
has
|
an
MA
|
in
multimedia technology.
|
ကဲ -
အခုဆိုရင္ကိုယ့္အေၾကာင္းကိုယ္စာေၾကာင္းေလးေတြေရးၾကည့္ရေအာင္။
1. What is your
current job?
2. What are you
responsible for?
3. What are your
qualifications?
အခ်ိန္ရရင္အလုပ္ေၾကာ္ျငာတစ္ခုေလာက္ရွာျပီးအလုပ္ေလွ်ာက္လႊာတစ္ေစာင္ေလာက္အဂၤလိပ္လိုေရး
ၾကည့္ပါလား။ တကယ္ေလွ်ာက္လႊာမပို႔ျဖစ္လဲရပါတယ္။
Happy Learning
English! ေပါ့ပါး
ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္စြာအဂၤလိပ္စာသင္ယူႏိုင္ပါေစ။
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