English speaking international-Are you human

English speaking international-Are you human

www.ted.com/talks/ze_frank_are_you_human

Ze Frank:

Are you human?

TED2014 · 4:34 · Filmed Mar 2014

Subtitles available in 33 languages

View interactive transcript

http://www.ted.com/talks/ze_frank_are_you_human/transcript?language=en

ZeFrank_2014-480p-en.mp4 34.2 MB    video direct download or user

TED talk က ေျပာ တဲ့ conversation ေတြ စိတ္၀င္ စားဖို့ တအားေကာင္းပါတယ္

motivated ျဖစ္တယ္

english speaking ,listening အေထာက္ အကူ ျဖစ္မယ္ ထင္ လို့   share ေပးလိုက္တယ္

ေလ့က်င့္တဲ့ လူကေတာ့ရမွာေသခ်ာတယ္ ..............

english subtitle ပါတဲ့ video ကို ဆြဲ  စာသားဆြဲ 

အနည္းဆံုး  ၃ၾကိမ္ မက (သို့)  နားလည္းတဲ့အဆင့္ အထိ နားေထာင္  လံုး၀ လံုး၀ အက်ိဳးရွိ..............

ေအာက္က example ေပးထားတာပါ  နားမလည္းတဲ့ စလံုးဆို dictionary နဲ့ က်က္မွတ္ပါ........

ကြ်န္ေတာ္ကေတာ့ သူတို့ေျပာတာနားေထာင္ျပီး ငါ englishစာ   ေတာ္ေတာ္ လို့ေသးပါလားလို့ သေဘာေပါက္သြားတယ္     

ဘာသာျပန္တာမွားတာေလးေတြရွိရင္  ျပင္ေပးသြားၾကပါ ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္

0:11 (Music) This is the human test, a test to see if you are a human. Please raise your hand if something applies to you. Are we agreed? Yes? Then let's begin.

0:28 Have you ever eaten a booger long past your childhood? (Laughter) It's okay, it's safe here.

ငယ္ငယ္တုန္းက နွပ္ခ်ီးစားဖူးလား       

0:39 Have you ever made a small, weird sound when you remembered something embarrassing?

တစ္ခုခုရွက္စရာရွိလာတဲ့အခါ လန့္ျပီး ထေအာ္ဖူးလား

0:48 Have you ever purposely lowercased the first letter of a text in order to come across as sad or disappointed? (Laughter) Okay.

1:01 Have you ever ended a text with a period as a sign of aggression? Okay. Period.

စာေရးျပီး ေဒၚသထြက္တဲ့ အခ်ိန္မ်ိဳး ရွိဖူးလား

1:10 Have you ever laughed or smiled when someone said something shitty to you and then spent the rest of the day wondering why you reacted that way? Yes.

သူမ်ားကသင့္ကိုမေကာင္းတာေျပာတဲ့အခ်ိန္မွာ သင္ ျပံ ုုဳး ခဲ့တယ္ ေနာက္ရက္ေတြမွာ ငါ ဘာလို့ ျပံ ုဳးခဲ့ပါလိမ့္လို့ စဥ္းစားဖူးလား

1:23 Have you ever seemed to lose your airplane ticket a thousand times as you walked from the check-in to the gate? Yes.

1:33 Have you ever put on a pair of pants and then much later realized that there was a loose sock smushed up against your thigh? (Laughter) Good.

1:44 Have you ever tried to guess someone else's password so many times that it locked their account? Mmm.

1:53 Have you ever had a nagging feeling that one day you will be discovered as a fraud? Yes, it's safe here.

သင္ ရဲ့လိမ္လည္မွု တစ္ေန့ေပၚသြားတဲ့အခါ စိတ္ပ်က္စရာေကာင္းတဲ့ခံစားခ်က္မ်ိဳးျဖစ္ဖူးလား

2:04 Have you ever hoped that there was some ability you hadn't discovered yet that you were just naturally great at? Mmm.

ငါမွာ ေကာင္းတာေတြ ့မရွိနိုင္ေတာ့ဘူး လို့ ေတြးဖူးလား 

2:14 Have you ever broken something in real life, and then found yourself looking for an "undo" button in real life?

ဘ၀မွာ မေကာင္းတာလုပ္ခဲ့လို ့ ငါဒီလို့မ်ိဳးမလုပ္ခဲ့ရင္ေကာင္းမွာဘဲ ဆိုတာ မ်ိဳးေတြးဖူးလား

2:24 Have you ever misplaced your TED badge and then immediately started imagining what a three-day Vancouver vacation might look like?

2:34 Have you ever marveled at how someone you thought was so ordinary could suddenly become so beautiful?

လူတစ္ေယာက္ကိုသာမာန္ အေၿခအေနကေန ရုတ္တရက္ ၾကီးပြားသြားတဲ့အခါ သင္အံ့အားသင့္ဘူးလား

2:43 Have you ever stared at your phone smiling like an idiot while texting with someone? Have you ever subsequently texted that person the phrase "I'm staring at the phone smiling like an idiot"?

လူတစ္ေယာက္ကို ဖုန္းနွင့္စာပို့တဲ့အခါ အရွုးတေယာက္လို့ဘဲ ရည္ဖူးလား

3:00 Have you ever been tempted to, and then gave in to the temptation, of looking through someone else's phone?

သူမ်ားဖုန္းကိုၾကည့္ျပီး ၾကိတ္ခိုက္ဖူးလား

3:08 Have you ever had a conversation with yourself and then suddenly realized you're a real asshole to yourself?

ကိုယ္ဘာသာကိုယ္ တစ္ေယာက္တည္းစကားေျပာျပီး ရုတ္တရက္ၾကီးငါရွူးဘဲရွုးသြားျပီးလားလို့ ေတြးဖူးလား

3:15 (Laughter)

3:17 Has your phone ever run out of battery in the middle of an argument, and it sort of felt like the phone was breaking up with both of you?

သင္စကားေၿခအတင္ေျပာေနခ်ိန္ဖုန္း battery ကုန္သြားလို့  ဒီဖုန္းက ငါတို့နွစ္ေယာက္ကို လမ္းခြဲလိုက္တာဘဲလို့ေတြးဖူးလား

3:28 Have you ever thought that working on an issue between you was futile because it should just be easier than this, or this is supposed to happen just naturally? Have you ever realized that very little, in the long run, just happens naturally?

3:46 Have you ever woken up blissfully and suddenly been flooded by the awful remembrance that someone had left you?

3:56 Have you ever lost the ability to imagine a future without a person that no longer was in your life? Have you ever looked back on that event with the sad smile of autumn and the realization that futures will happen regardless?

4:15 Congratulations. You have now completed the test. You are all human.

4:23 (Applause)

Meaning

--[ C ] UK ( US booger ) a piece of dried mucus from inside the nose

--smash sth up phrasal verb [ M ]

-to damage something in a violent and destructive way

In the sixties he was famous for taking drugs and smashing up hotel rooms.

--nag▶ næg ■ n (infml often derog) ● ျမင္းအိုျမင္းနာ။

adj. bothersome, annoying, incessant; criticizing relentlessly; reminding incessantly; of one who nags

n. act of reminding incessantly; act of criticizing relentlessly; act of pestering or bothering

■ v (-gg-) ● ၁။ ~ (at sb) နားပူနားဆာလုပ္သည္။ တက်ည္က်ည္လုပ္သည္။ He nagged (at) her all day long. m Stop nagging, I' ll do it as soon as I can.She's been nagging me to mend that lamp for weeks. 2" dukƒep;qv\" a nagging pain/ doubt/ suspicion/ worry m The problem had been nagging (at) me for weeks. a nagging pain/ doubt/ suspicion/ worry m The problem had been nagging (at) me for weeks.

--fraud▶ frç:d ■ n ● ၁။ [U, C] လိမ္လည္မႈ။ be found guilty of fraud m a dramatic rise in computer / credit card / cheque card fraud m a £ 2.5 m fraud. ၂။ [C] (က) အတု။ အေယာင္ေဆာင္။ She was a fraud - she had no medical qualifications at all. (ခ) အလိမ္။ This language study method is a complete fraud. o fraudster n လိမ္လည္မႈ က်ဴးလြန္သူ။ လူလိမ္။ o fraudulence / 'frç:djålåns; US -d£å- / n [U] လိမ္လည္ မႈ။ မ႐ိုးသားမႈ။ o fraudulent / 'frç:djålånt;;US -d£å- / adj ၁။ မမွန္ မကန္Ú[ေသာ]။ make fraudulent insurance claims. ၂။ အေယာင္ေဆာင္။ a fraudulent display of emotion. o fraudulently / 'frç:djålåntli; US -d£å- / adv လိမ္လည္ လွည့္ျဖားလ်က္။ ကလိမ္ကက်စ္။ act fraudulently.

-- misplace▶ ¿mÇs'pleÇs ■ v (fml) (esp passive)
● ေနရာ မွားထားသည္။ The book had been misplaced on the shelf. o misplaced adj ၁။ ယံုမွားမိေသာ။ ယံုစားမိေသာ။ ပံုအပ္မိ ေ ၂။ အံမကိုက္ေသာ။ misplaced optimism m If you think deafness is funny, you have a very misplaced sense of humour.

-- badge▶ bæd£ ■ n ● (က) တံဆိပ္။ a uniform with a badge on it m He wore a badge saying ‘Save the Environment.’ Ó HAT (ခ) အမွတ္သေကၤတ။ He regards his beard as a badge of masculinity.

-- Vancouver

n. port city in British Columbia located across Vancouver Island (Canada); Vancouver Island, island off the southwestern coast of British Columbia which does not contain the city of Vancouver; city in Washington (USA); Mount Vancouver, mountain peak on the border of Alaska and Canada; George Vancouver (1757-1798), English explorer who rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1791

-- marvel▶ 'm1:vl ■ n
● ၁။ အံ့ဖြယ္တစ္ပါး။ the marvels of modern science m It's a marvel that he escaped unhurt. m She works terribly hard in spite of her illness-she's a marvel! ၂။ marvels [pl] အံ့ခ်ီးဖြယ္Úရာ။ They've performed/done marvels restoring that old cottage. v (-ll-; US -l-) ~ (at sth) အလြန္အံ့ၾသ ခ်ီးမြမ္းသည္။ လက္ဖ်ားခါသည္။ I can only marvel at such courage. m I never cease to marvel that she married someone like me. o marvellous (US marvelous) /'m1:vålås/ adj (infml) အံ့ၾသဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ။ ထူးကဲေသာ။ အလြန္ေကာင္းေသာ။ a marvellous idea/writer/opportunity m marvellous weather/news m It's marvellous that we can at last buy our own house. marvellously (US marvelously) adv

-- tempt▶ tempt ■ v ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) ● ၁။ ဆြယ္သည္။ ေသြးေဆာင္သည္။ ျဖားေယာင္း သည္။ They tried to tempt her (into staying) with offers of promotion. m Nothing would tempt me to join the army. ၂။ ဆြဲေဆာင္သည္။ စိတ္ေပါက္သည္။ The warm weather tempted us into going for a swim. m I am tempted to take the day off. o tempter n ျဖားေယာင္းေသြးေဆာင္သူ။ o tempt fate/providence [IDM] အရဲကိုးသည္။ ကံယံုဆူးခ်ဳံ နင္းသည္။ Having escaped injury in the car crash she felt it would be tempting fate to start driving again. o tempting adj မက္စရာေကာင္းေသာ။ ဆြဲေဆာင္ေသာ။ a tempting offer m That cake looks very tempting. m It's tempting to speculate about what might have happened. temptingly adv o temptress /'temptrås/ n (usu joc) ေသြးေဆာင္သူ အမ်ဳိးသမီး။

-- asshole n. idiot, stupid person, ass (Slang)

-- issue▶ 'ǃu: ;Brit also 'Çsju:,'ǃju: ■ n ● ၁။ [C] (ေဆြးေႏြးရန္၊ စီစဥ္ရန္ အေရးႀကီး) အေၾကာင္း၊ အခ်က္၊ ကိစၥ။ a vital/ political/ controversial issue m debate an issue m evade/avoid the issue m resolve/confuse the issue m What's at issue (ie The point being discussed) here is the whole future of the industry. ၂။ [C] …ထုတ္ (စာေစာင္၊ မဂၢဇင္း၊ စာစဥ္ စသည္)။ the July issue of ‘Yachting Monthly’. ၃။ (က) [U] ထုတ္ေရာင္းျခင္း (သို႔) ထုတ္ေပးျခင္း (သို႔) ထုတ္ျပန္ ျခင္း။ buy a set of new stamps on the day of issue m the issue of blankets to refugees m the issue of a joint statement by the French and German foreign ministers. (ခ) [C] ထုတ္ေဝျခင္း။ ထုတ္ေဝမႈ။ a share/rights issue m a special issue of stamps/banknotes. ၄။ [sing] (fml) တစ္စံုတစ္ခု၏ ရလဒ္။ ၿပီးဆံုးျခင္း။ နိဂံုး။ bring a campaign to a successful issue. ၅။ (က) [U] လာရာ။ သြားရာ။ စီးထြက္ရာ။ the place/point of issue of a stream. (ခ) [sing] ယိုစီးျခင္း။ an issue of blood from a wound. ၆။ [U] (law) သားသမီး (အရင္း)။ die without issue (ie without having had children). v ၁။ ~ sth (to sb) ထုတ္ျပန္သည္။ issue orders/instructions m issue a challenge စိန္ေခၚသည္။ m The police have issued an appeal for witnesses to the accident. ၂။ ~ sth (to sb) /sb with sth ျဖန္႔ခ်ိသည္။ ေဝငွသည္။ ထုတ္ေပး သည္။ issue visas to foreign visitors m issue the survivors with warm clothing. ၃။ ပံုႏွိပ္ထုတ္ေဝသည္။ ထုတ္ေဝသည္။ issue a revised edition of a textbook. o issue from sth [PHRV] (fml) ယိုစီးသည္။ ထြက္သည္။ ေပၚလာသည္။ blood issuing from a wound m smoke issuing from a chimney m A strange noise issued from the darkness. o make an issue (out) of sth [IDM] ေလွ်ာေမြးႏွင့္ ဗာရာဏသီခ်ဲ႕သည္။ တစ္ဆိတ္ တစ္အိတ္လုပ္သည္။ ပံုႀကီး ခ်ဲ႕သည္။ It's only a small disagreement-let's not make an issue of it. o take issue with sb (about/on/over sth) [IDM] ရန္ ေတြ႕သည္။

-- futile▶ 'fju:taÇl; US -tl ■ adj ● အခ်ည္းႏွီးျဖစ္ေသာ။အလဟႆ ျဖစ္ေသာ။ အဓိပၸာယ္ မရိွ။ a futile attempt/ exercise m Their efforts to revive him were futile. m He kept making futile (ie unnecessary and silly) remarks. o futility /fju:'tÇlåti/ n [U]: the futility of war.

-- blissfullyadv. happily, joyfully, rapturously

English speaking international-How to live passionately-no matter your age

English speaking international-How to live passionately-no matter your age

http://www.ted.com/talks/isabelle_allende_how_to_live_passionately_no_matter_your_age

Isabel Allende:

How to live passionately—no matter your age

အသက္ၾကီးေပမဲ့ တန္ဖိုးရွိေအာင္          ဆြဲေဆာင္မွ ုရွိေအာင္ ဘယ္လိုေနထိုင္မလဲ…………………….

နားလည္သလိုဘာသာျပန္ထားတာပါ မွားရင္ လည္းျပင္ေပးၾကပါ

TED2014 · 8:16 · Filmed Mar 2014

Subtitles available in 2 languages

View interactive transcript

www.ted.com/talks/isabelle_allende_how_to_live_passionately_no_matter_your_age/transcript?language=en

http://video.ted.com/talk/podcast/2014/None/IsabelAllende_2014-480p.mp4     <---download 59.95 mb

ဒီ video ကို download လုပ္ျပီး ေအာက္က စာသားနဲ့ တြဲ ေလ့လာပါ

တအား ကို English speaking တိုးတက္ေစပါတယ္

အကယ္၍သာ သင္ေကာင္းေကာင္းနားလည္သည္အထိ ၾကိမ္ဖန္မ်ားစြာနားေထာင္ခဲ့မယ္ဆိုလွ်င္

0:11 Hi, kids.

0:13 (Laughter)

0:15 I'm 71.

0:17 (Applause) My husband is 76. My parents are in their late 90s, and Olivia, the dog, is 16. So let's talk about aging.

0:31 Let me tell you how I feel when I see my wrinkles in the mirror and I realize that some parts of me have dropped and I can't find them down there. (Laughter)

0:41 Mary Oliver says in one of her poems, "Tell me, what is it that you plan to do with your one wild and precious life?" Me, I intend to live passionately.

0:56 When do we start aging? Society decides when we are old, usually around 65, when we get Medicare, but we really start aging at birth. We are aging right now, and we all experience

it differently. We all feel younger than our real age, because the spirit never ages. I am still 17. Sophia Loren. Look at her. She says that everything you see she owes to spaghetti. I tried it and gained 10 pounds in the wrong places. But attitude, aging is also attitude and health. But my real mentor in this journey of aging is Olga Murray. This California girl at 60 started working in Nepal to save young girls from domestic bondage. At 88, she has saved 12,000 girls, and she has changed the culture in the country. (Applause) Now it is illegal for fathers to sell their daughters into servitude. She has also founded orphanages and nutritional clinics. She is always happy and eternally young.

2:18 What have I lost in the last decades? People, of course, places, and the boundless energy of my youth, and I'm beginning to lose independence, and that scares me. Ram Dass says that dependency hurts, but if you accept it, there is less suffering. After a very bad stroke, his ageless soul watches the changes in the body with tenderness, and he is grateful to the people who help him.

2:52 What have I gained? Freedom: I don't have to prove anything anymore. I'm not stuck in the idea of who I was, who I want to be, or what other people expect me to be. I don't have to please men anymore, only animals. I keep telling my superego to back off and let me enjoy what I still have. My body may be falling apart, but my brain is not, yet. I love my brain. I feel lighter. I don't carry grudges  , ambition, vanity, none of the deadly sins that are not even worth the trouble. It's great to let go. I should have started sooner. And I also feel softer because I'm not scared of being vulnerable. I don't see it as weakness anymore. And I've gained spirituality. I'm aware that before, death was in the neighborhood. Now, it's next door, or in my house. I try to live mindfully and be present in the moment. By the way, the Dalai Lama is someone who has aged beautifully, but who wants to be vegetarian and celibate? (Laughter)

4:23 Meditation helps.

4:26 (Video) Child: Ommm. Ommm. Ommm.

4:30 Isabel Allende: Ommm. Ommm. There it is. And it's good to start early.

4:34 You know, for a vain female like myself, it's very hard to age in this culture. Inside, I feel good, I feel charming, seductive, sexy. Nobody else sees that. (Laughter) I'm invisible. I want to be the center of attention. I hate to be invisible. (Laughter) (Applause)

4:57 This is Grace Dammann. She has been in a wheelchair for six years after a terrible car accident. She says that there is nothing more sensual than a hot shower, that every drop of water is a blessing to the senses. She doesn't see herself as disabled. In her mind, she's still surfing in the ocean.

 Ethel Seiderman, a feisty, beloved activist in the place where I live in California. She wears red patent shoes, and her mantra is that one scarf is nice but two is better. She has been a widow for nine years, but she's not looking for another mate. She says that there is only a limited number of ways you can screw — well, she says it in another way — and she has tried them all. (Laughter) I, on the other hand, I still have erotic fantasies with Antonio Banderas — (Laughter) — and my poor husband has to put up with it.

6:04 So how can I stay passionate? I cannot will myself to be passionate at 71. I have been training for some time, and when I feel flat and bored, I fake it. Attitude, attitude. How do I train? I train by saying yes to whatever comes my way: drama, comedy, tragedy, love, death, losses. Yes to life. And I train by trying to stay in love. It doesn't always work, but you cannot blame me for trying.

6:39 And, on a final note, retirement in Spanish is jubilación. Jubilation. Celebration. We have paid our dues. We have contributed to society. Now it's our time, and it's a great time. Unless you are ill or very poor, you have choices. I have chosen to stay passionate, engaged with an open heart. I am working on it every day. Want to join me?

7:11 Thank you.

7:13 (Applause)

7:18 June Cohen: So Isabel — IA: Thank you.

7:22 JC: First of all, I never like to presume to speak for the TED community, but I would like to tell you that I have a feeling we can all agree that you are still charming, seductive and sexy.

Yes?

7:34 IA: Aww, thank you. (Applause)

7:36 JC: Hands down. IA: No, it's makeup.

7:39 Moderator: Now, would it be awkward if I asked you a follow-up question about your erotic fantasies?

7:43 IA: Oh, of course. About what?

7:44 (Laughter)

7:45 Moderator: About your erotic fantasies. IA: With Antonio Banderas.

7:48 Moderator: I was just wondering if you have anything more to share.

7:51 IA: Well, one of them is that — (Laughter) One of them is that I place a naked Antonio Banderas on a Mexican tortilla, I slather him with guacamole and salsa, I roll him up, and I eat him. (Laughter)

8:09 Thank you.

8:10 (Applause)

Meaning

- Passionate ■ adj ● ၁။ (က) ခ်စ္စိတ္ျပင္းျပေသာ။ ရမၼက္ ႀကီးေသာ။ a passionate kiss/ lover/ relationship. (ခ) ျပင္းျပေသာ။ အသည္းအသန္။ a passionate plea for mercy m her passionate support for our cause m a passionate defender of civil liberties. ၂။ စိတ္လႈပ္ရွားလြယ္ေသာ။ a passionate nature/ temperament/ woman. o passionately adv အ႐ူးအမူး။ သဲႀကီးမဲႀကီး။ He loved her passionately. m He believes passionately in freedom of speech.m passionately fond of tennis.

-Mentor ■ n ● ေကာင္းရာ ညႊန္ျပသူ။ ဆရာ။ ဂု႐ု။ a friend and mentor to many young actors.

-grudges မလုိမုန္းတီးျခင္း။ အာဃာတ။

-vanity n မာနဘဝင္ျမင့္ျခင္း။ ဝင့္ဝါျခင္း။  (fml) အႏွစ္သာရကင္းမဲ့ျခင္း။  ။ vanities [pl] ဝင့္ဝါမႈ။ ပကာသန။

-celibate adj  ျဗဟၼစရိယက်င့္ေသာ။ (ဘာသာေရးအရ) အိမ္ေထာင္မျပဳေသာ။ n အိမ္ေထာင္မျပဳေသာသူ။ ျဗဟၼစရိယက်င့္သူ။ ျဗဟၼစာရီ။ celibacy n [U] ျဗဟၼစရိယက်င့္ျခင္း။ ျဗဟၼ စရိယအက်င့္။

- Bondage n ● ၁။ (dated or fml) အက်ဥ္းသား ဘဝ။ ေက်းကၽြန္ဘဝ။ keep sb in bondage m (fig) freed from the bondage of time. ၂။ ကာမသာယာမႈအတြက္ ႀကိဳး၊ သံႀကိဳးျဖင့္ တုပ္ေႏွာင္သည့္ အေလ့အထ။

- Servitude ■ n [U] (fml) ● သူ႕ကၽြန္၊ ခိုင္းဖတ္ ဘဝ။ a life of poverty and servitude.

- Orphan ■ n ● မိဘမဲ့။ He has been an orphan since he was five. m orphan girls/ boys. v (usu passive) မိဘမဲ့ျဖစ္သြားသည္။ She was orphaned in the war. o orphanage /'ç:fånÇd£/n မိဘမဲ့ကေလးေဂဟာ။

- Ego ■ n ● အတၱ။ အတၱမာန။ SELF-ESTEEM: a bruised/fragile ego m Losing the match made quite a dent in his ego. o ego-trip n (sl) လူေပၚလူေဇာ္လုပ္ျခင္း။လူထင္ေပၚလုပ္ျခင္း။ (derog) If you ask me, her charity work is just one big ego-trip.

- Spiritual ■ adj ● ၁။ စိတ္ပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာ။ concerned about sb's spiritual welfare m the modern world's lack of spiritual values.  ၂။ ဘာသာေရး။ The Pope is the spiritual leader of many Christians. ၁ (also Negro spiritual) n မူလက အေမရိကမွ ကပၸလီကၽြန္မ်ား သီဆိုေသာ ခရစ္ယာန္ ဓမၼေတး။ o one's spiritual home [IDM] ႏွလံုးသား ေမြ႕ေလ်ာ္ရာ အရပ္။ o spirituality /¿spÇrÇtƒu'ælåti / n [U] ဘာသာအယူဝါဒ။ ယံုၾကည္သက္ဝင္မႈ။ o spiritually /-tƒuåli / adv စိတ္ပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာအရ။ a spiritually impoverished culture.

- Mindful ■ adj ~ of sb/sth; ~ that…(fml) ● သတိရွိ [ေသာ]။ be mindful of one's family/one's reputation/the risks/the need for discretion.

- Vain ■ adj (-er, -est) ● ၁။ စိတ္ႀကီးဝင္ေသာ။ ဂုဏ္ ေမာက္ေသာ။ မာနေထာင္လႊားေသာ။ ၂။ အခ်ည္းႏွီး။ အလကား။ အလဟႆ။ a vain attempt m in the vain hope of persuading him. ၃။ (dated or rhet) အႏွစ္မဲ့ေသာ။ အရာမေရာက္ေသာ။ vain promises. o in vain [IDM] ၁။ အခ်ည္းႏွီး။ အလကား။ I tried in vain to sleep. ၂။ အလဟႆ။ အလကား။ All our efforts were in vain. o vainly adv ၁။ အခ်ည္းႏွီး။ He was vainly trying to find the keyhole in the dark. ၂။ ေမာက္ေမာက္မာမာ။

- Sensual ■ adj ● ကာမဂုဏ္အာ႐ံု။ ရမၼက္ေသြး(ၾကြေသာ၊ ၾကြေစေသာ)။ sensual pleasure m the sensual curves of her body m He was darkly sensual and mysterious. o sensualist n ကာမဂုဏ္လိုက္စားသူ။ ရမၼက္ႀကီးသူ။ o sensuality /¿senƒu'ælåti/ n [U] ကာမဂုဏ္။ ရမၼက္ေသြး။ the sensuality of his poetry m Her appearance hinted at the languid sensuality that lay beneath the surface. sensually /-ƒuåli/ adv

- Mantra ■ n ● မႏၱန္။ မႏၱရား။

- Attitude ■ n ● ၁။ ~ (to/ towards sb/sth) သေဘာထား။ changes in public attitudes m That's a very sexist attitude. m I don't like your attitude. m What is your attitude to abortion? m She shows a very professional/ positive attitude to her work. m I take the attitude that people are in control of their own destinies. ၂။ (fml) ကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထား။ The photographer has caught him in the attitude of prayer (ie kneeling).

-Tragedy ■ n ● ၁။ [C, U] ကံဆိုးမိုးေမွာင္က်ျခင္း။ အျဖစ္ဆုိး။ Investigators are searching the wreckage of the plane to try to find the cause of the tragedy. m The whole affair ended in tragedy. m It's a tragedy (ie extremely unfortunate) for this country that such a great musician died so young. ၂။ (က) [C] အလြမ္းဇာတ္။ အေဆြးဇာတ္။ Shakespeare's tragedies and comedies. (ခ) [U] …အလြမ္းဇာတ္သဘင္။ Greek tragedy. Compare COMEDY၁ o tragedian /trå'd£i:diån/ n ၁။ အလြမ္းျပဇာတ္ေရးဆရာ။ ၂။ အလြမ္းမင္းသား။ o tragedienne /trå¿d£i:di'en/ n အလြမ္းမင္းသမီး။

- Due ■ adj ● ၁။ (က) ~ (to do sth) (အခ်ိန္ကာလ ေစ့ေရာက္မည္ဟု) ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ထားေသာ။ စီစဥ္ထားေသာ။ When's the baby due? m His book is due to be published in October. m The train is due (in) (ie should arrive) in five minutes. (ခ) ေပးရန္ရွိေသာ၊ ေပးရန္အခ်ိန္ေစ့ေရာက္ေသာ (ေငြ)။ fall/become due m My rent isn't due till Wednesday. m Payment should be made on or before the due date. ၂။ ~ to sth/sb ေသာေၾကာင့္။ အေၾကာင္းေၾကာင့္။ အတြက္ေၾကာင့္။ absent due to illness m The team's success was partly/largely/entirely due to her efforts. ၃။ ေလ်ာ္ကန္ေသာ။ ထိုက္သင့္ ေသာ။ after due consideration m make due allowance for sth.  ၄။ (က) ~ (to sb) ေပးဆပ္ရန္ရွိေသာ။ တင္ရွိေသာ။ Have they been paid the money due to them? m I'm still due fifteen days' leave. (ခ) ~ for sth ထိုက္တန္ေသာ။ ရသင့္ေသာ။ She's due for promotion soon. n ၁။ one's/sb's due [U] ရထိုက္ေသာအရာ။ ေပးထိုက္ေသာ အရာ။ He received a large reward, which was no more than his due (ie at least what he deserved). m She's a slow worker but, to give her her due (ie to be fair to her), she does try very hard. ၂။ dues [pl] အခြန္၊ အေကာက္။ ေၾကး။ trade union dues m I haven't paid my dues yet. adv စူးစူး။ (East, West, South, North ေရွ႕၌ထားသံုး သည္။) sail due east m walk three miles due north. o in due course [IDM] အခ်ိန္တန္ေတာ့။ ေနာက္ဆံုးေတာ့။ Your request will be dealt with in due course. o with (all) due respect [IDM] ေလးစားပါတယ္၊ ဒါေပမဲ့့…။ With all due respect, the figures simply do not support you on this.

- presume ■ v ● ၁။ မွတ္ယူသည္။ ထင္ရသည္။ ယူဆသည္။ မွန္းဆသည္။ I presume (that) you still want to come. m ‘Are the neighbours away on vacation?’ ‘I presume so.’ m In English law, an accused person is presumed (to be ) innocent until proved guilty. m Twelve passengers are missing, presumed dead. ၂။ (fml) ဝံ့သည္။ I wouldn't presume to argue with you.

- Guacamole n. dip made of mashed avocado mixed with other ingredients (Mexican Cookery)

- Salsa ■ n [U] ● ၁။ ေတာင္အေမရိက အကတစ္မ်ဳိး။ ၂။ မကၠဆီကိုအစာႏွင့္တဲြရေသာ ေဆာ့။

- slather v. (Slang) smear generously, spread thickly; waste, squander

 n. large amount, generous amount (Slang)