Sunday, September 7, 2014

English speaking international-How to live passionately-no matter your age



English speaking international-How to live passionately-no matter your age
Isabel Allende:
How to live passionately—no matter your age
အသက္ၾကီးေပမဲ့ တန္ဖိုးရွိေအာင္          ဆြဲေဆာင္မွ ုရွိေအာင္ ဘယ္လိုေနထိုင္မလဲ…………………….
နားလည္သလိုဘာသာျပန္ထားတာပါ မွားရင္ လည္းျပင္ေပးၾကပါ
TED2014 · 8:16 · Filmed Mar 2014
Subtitles available in 2 languages
View interactive transcript
ဒီ video ကို download လုပ္ျပီး ေအာက္က စာသားနဲ့ တြဲ ေလ့လာပါ
တအား ကို English speaking တိုးတက္ေစပါတယ္
အကယ္၍သာ သင္ေကာင္းေကာင္းနားလည္သည္အထိ ၾကိမ္ဖန္မ်ားစြာနားေထာင္ခဲ့မယ္ဆိုလွ်င္
0:11 Hi, kids.
0:13 (Laughter)
0:15 I'm 71.
0:17 (Applause) My husband is 76. My parents are in their late 90s, and Olivia, the dog, is 16. So let's talk about aging.
0:31 Let me tell you how I feel when I see my wrinkles in the mirror and I realize that some parts of me have dropped and I can't find them down there. (Laughter)
0:41 Mary Oliver says in one of her poems, "Tell me, what is it that you plan to do with your one wild and precious life?" Me, I intend to live passionately.
0:56 When do we start aging? Society decides when we are old, usually around 65, when we get Medicare, but we really start aging at birth. We are aging right now, and we all experience
it differently. We all feel younger than our real age, because the spirit never ages. I am still 17. Sophia Loren. Look at her. She says that everything you see she owes to spaghetti. I tried it and gained 10 pounds in the wrong places. But attitude, aging is also attitude and health. But my real mentor in this journey of aging is Olga Murray. This California girl at 60 started working in Nepal to save young girls from domestic bondage. At 88, she has saved 12,000 girls, and she has changed the culture in the country. (Applause) Now it is illegal for fathers to sell their daughters into servitude. She has also founded orphanages and nutritional clinics. She is always happy and eternally young.

2:18 What have I lost in the last decades? People, of course, places, and the boundless energy of my youth, and I'm beginning to lose independence, and that scares me. Ram Dass says that dependency hurts, but if you accept it, there is less suffering. After a very bad stroke, his ageless soul watches the changes in the body with tenderness, and he is grateful to the people who help him.

2:52 What have I gained? Freedom: I don't have to prove anything anymore. I'm not stuck in the idea of who I was, who I want to be, or what other people expect me to be. I don't have to please men anymore, only animals. I keep telling my superego to back off and let me enjoy what I still have. My body may be falling apart, but my brain is not, yet. I love my brain. I feel lighter. I don't carry grudges  , ambition, vanity, none of the deadly sins that are not even worth the trouble. It's great to let go. I should have started sooner. And I also feel softer because I'm not scared of being vulnerable. I don't see it as weakness anymore. And I've gained spirituality. I'm aware that before, death was in the neighborhood. Now, it's next door, or in my house. I try to live mindfully and be present in the moment. By the way, the Dalai Lama is someone who has aged beautifully, but who wants to be vegetarian and celibate? (Laughter)

4:23 Meditation helps.
4:26 (Video) Child: Ommm. Ommm. Ommm.
4:30 Isabel Allende: Ommm. Ommm. There it is. And it's good to start early.
4:34 You know, for a vain female like myself, it's very hard to age in this culture. Inside, I feel good, I feel charming, seductive, sexy. Nobody else sees that. (Laughter) I'm invisible. I want to be the center of attention. I hate to be invisible. (Laughter) (Applause)

4:57 This is Grace Dammann. She has been in a wheelchair for six years after a terrible car accident. She says that there is nothing more sensual than a hot shower, that every drop of water is a blessing to the senses. She doesn't see herself as disabled. In her mind, she's still surfing in the ocean.

 Ethel Seiderman, a feisty, beloved activist in the place where I live in California. She wears red patent shoes, and her mantra is that one scarf is nice but two is better. She has been a widow for nine years, but she's not looking for another mate. She says that there is only a limited number of ways you can screw — well, she says it in another way — and she has tried them all. (Laughter) I, on the other hand, I still have erotic fantasies with Antonio Banderas — (Laughter) — and my poor husband has to put up with it.

6:04 So how can I stay passionate? I cannot will myself to be passionate at 71. I have been training for some time, and when I feel flat and bored, I fake it. Attitude, attitude. How do I train? I train by saying yes to whatever comes my way: drama, comedy, tragedy, love, death, losses. Yes to life. And I train by trying to stay in love. It doesn't always work, but you cannot blame me for trying.

6:39 And, on a final note, retirement in Spanish is jubilación. Jubilation. Celebration. We have paid our dues. We have contributed to society. Now it's our time, and it's a great time. Unless you are ill or very poor, you have choices. I have chosen to stay passionate, engaged with an open heart. I am working on it every day. Want to join me?
7:11 Thank you.
7:13 (Applause)
7:18 June Cohen: So Isabel — IA: Thank you.
7:22 JC: First of all, I never like to presume to speak for the TED community, but I would like to tell you that I have a feeling we can all agree that you are still charming, seductive and sexy.
Yes?
7:34 IA: Aww, thank you. (Applause)
7:36 JC: Hands down. IA: No, it's makeup.
7:39 Moderator: Now, would it be awkward if I asked you a follow-up question about your erotic fantasies?
7:43 IA: Oh, of course. About what?
7:44 (Laughter)
7:45 Moderator: About your erotic fantasies. IA: With Antonio Banderas.
7:48 Moderator: I was just wondering if you have anything more to share.

7:51 IA: Well, one of them is that — (Laughter) One of them is that I place a naked Antonio Banderas on a Mexican tortilla, I slather him with guacamole and salsa, I roll him up, and I eat him. (Laughter)
8:09 Thank you.
8:10 (Applause)

Meaning
- Passionate adj ● ၁။ (က) ခ်စ္စိတ္ျပင္းျပေသာ။ ရမၼက္ ႀကီးေသာ။ a passionate kiss/ lover/ relationship. (ခ) ျပင္းျပေသာ။ အသည္းအသန္။ a passionate plea for mercy m her passionate support for our cause m a passionate defender of civil liberties. ၂။ စိတ္လႈပ္ရွားလြယ္ေသာ။ a passionate nature/ temperament/ woman. o passionately adv အ႐ူးအမူး။ သဲႀကီးမဲႀကီး။ He loved her passionately. m He believes passionately in freedom of speech.m passionately fond of tennis.
-Mentor n ● ေကာင္းရာ ညႊန္ျပသူ။ ဆရာ။ ဂု႐ု။ a friend and mentor to many young actors.

-grudges မလုိမုန္းတီးျခင္း။ အာဃာတ။
-vanity n မာနဘဝင္ျမင့္ျခင္း။ ဝင့္ဝါျခင္း။  (fml) အႏွစ္သာရကင္းမဲ့ျခင္း။  ။ vanities [pl] ဝင့္ဝါမႈ။ ပကာသန။
-celibate adj  ျဗဟၼစရိယက်င့္ေသာ။ (ဘာသာေရးအရ) အိမ္ေထာင္မျပဳေသာ။ n အိမ္ေထာင္မျပဳေသာသူ။ ျဗဟၼစရိယက်င့္သူ။ ျဗဟၼစာရီ။ celibacy n [U] ျဗဟၼစရိယက်င့္ျခင္း။ ျဗဟၼ စရိယအက်င့္။
- Bondage n ● ၁။ (dated or fml) အက်ဥ္းသား ဘဝ။ ေက်းကၽြန္ဘဝ။ keep sb in bondage m (fig) freed from the bondage of time. ၂။ ကာမသာယာမႈအတြက္ ႀကိဳး၊ သံႀကိဳးျဖင့္ တုပ္ေႏွာင္သည့္ အေလ့အထ။
- Servitude n [U] (fml) ● သူ႕ကၽြန္၊ ခိုင္းဖတ္ ဘဝ။ a life of poverty and servitude.
- Orphan n ● မိဘမဲ့။ He has been an orphan since he was five. m orphan girls/ boys. v (usu passive) မိဘမဲ့ျဖစ္သြားသည္။ She was orphaned in the war. o orphanage /'ç:fånÇd£/n မိဘမဲ့ကေလးေဂဟာ။
- Ego n ● အတၱ။ အတၱမာန။ SELF-ESTEEM: a bruised/fragile ego m Losing the match made quite a dent in his ego. o ego-trip n (sl) လူေပၚလူေဇာ္လုပ္ျခင္း။လူထင္ေပၚလုပ္ျခင္း။ (derog) If you ask me, her charity work is just one big ego-trip.
- Spiritual adj ● ၁။ စိတ္ပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာ။ concerned about sb's spiritual welfare m the modern world's lack of spiritual values.  ၂။ ဘာသာေရး။ The Pope is the spiritual leader of many Christians. ၁ (also Negro spiritual) n မူလက အေမရိကမွ ကပၸလီကၽြန္မ်ား သီဆိုေသာ ခရစ္ယာန္ ဓမၼေတး။ o one's spiritual home [IDM] ႏွလံုးသား ေမြ႕ေလ်ာ္ရာ အရပ္။ o spirituality /¿spÇrÇtƒu'ælåti / n [U] ဘာသာအယူဝါဒ။ ယံုၾကည္သက္ဝင္မႈ။ o spiritually /-tƒuåli / adv စိတ္ပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာအရ။ a spiritually impoverished culture.
- Mindful adj ~ of sb/sth; ~ that…(fml) ● သတိရွိ [ေသာ]။ be mindful of one's family/one's reputation/the risks/the need for discretion.
- Vain adj (-er, -est) ● ၁။ စိတ္ႀကီးဝင္ေသာ။ ဂုဏ္ ေမာက္ေသာ။ မာနေထာင္လႊားေသာ။ ၂။ အခ်ည္းႏွီး။ အလကား။ အလဟႆ။ a vain attempt m in the vain hope of persuading him. ၃။ (dated or rhet) အႏွစ္မဲ့ေသာ။ အရာမေရာက္ေသာ။ vain promises. o in vain [IDM] ၁။ အခ်ည္းႏွီး။ အလကား။ I tried in vain to sleep. ၂။ အလဟႆ။ အလကား။ All our efforts were in vain. o vainly adv ၁။ အခ်ည္းႏွီး။ He was vainly trying to find the keyhole in the dark. ၂။ ေမာက္ေမာက္မာမာ။
- Sensual adj ● ကာမဂုဏ္အာ႐ံု။ ရမၼက္ေသြး(ၾကြေသာ၊ ၾကြေစေသာ)။ sensual pleasure m the sensual curves of her body m He was darkly sensual and mysterious. o sensualist n ကာမဂုဏ္လိုက္စားသူ။ ရမၼက္ႀကီးသူ။ o sensuality /¿senƒu'ælåti/ n [U] ကာမဂုဏ္။ ရမၼက္ေသြး။ the sensuality of his poetry m Her appearance hinted at the languid sensuality that lay beneath the surface. sensually /-ƒuåli/ adv
- Mantra n ● မႏၱန္။ မႏၱရား။
- Attitude n ● ၁။ ~ (to/ towards sb/sth) သေဘာထား။ changes in public attitudes m That's a very sexist attitude. m I don't like your attitude. m What is your attitude to abortion? m She shows a very professional/ positive attitude to her work. m I take the attitude that people are in control of their own destinies. ၂။ (fml) ကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထား။ The photographer has caught him in the attitude of prayer (ie kneeling).
-Tragedy n ● ၁။ [C, U] ကံဆိုးမိုးေမွာင္က်ျခင္း။ အျဖစ္ဆုိး။ Investigators are searching the wreckage of the plane to try to find the cause of the tragedy. m The whole affair ended in tragedy. m It's a tragedy (ie extremely unfortunate) for this country that such a great musician died so young. ၂။ (က) [C] အလြမ္းဇာတ္။ အေဆြးဇာတ္။ Shakespeare's tragedies and comedies. (ခ) [U] …အလြမ္းဇာတ္သဘင္။ Greek tragedy. Compare COMEDY၁ o tragedian /trå'd£i:diån/ n ၁။ အလြမ္းျပဇာတ္ေရးဆရာ။ ၂။ အလြမ္းမင္းသား။ o tragedienne /trå¿d£i:di'en/ n အလြမ္းမင္းသမီး။
- Due adj ● ၁။ (က) ~ (to do sth) (အခ်ိန္ကာလ ေစ့ေရာက္မည္ဟု) ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ထားေသာ။ စီစဥ္ထားေသာ။ When's the baby due? m His book is due to be published in October. m The train is due (in) (ie should arrive) in five minutes. (ခ) ေပးရန္ရွိေသာ၊ ေပးရန္အခ်ိန္ေစ့ေရာက္ေသာ (ေငြ)။ fall/become due m My rent isn't due till Wednesday. m Payment should be made on or before the due date. ၂။ ~ to sth/sb ေသာေၾကာင့္။ အေၾကာင္းေၾကာင့္။ အတြက္ေၾကာင့္။ absent due to illness m The team's success was partly/largely/entirely due to her efforts. ၃။ ေလ်ာ္ကန္ေသာ။ ထိုက္သင့္ ေသာ။ after due consideration m make due allowance for sth.  ၄။ (က) ~ (to sb) ေပးဆပ္ရန္ရွိေသာ။ တင္ရွိေသာ။ Have they been paid the money due to them? m I'm still due fifteen days' leave. (ခ) ~ for sth ထိုက္တန္ေသာ။ ရသင့္ေသာ။ She's due for promotion soon. n ၁။ one's/sb's due [U] ရထိုက္ေသာအရာ။ ေပးထိုက္ေသာ အရာ။ He received a large reward, which was no more than his due (ie at least what he deserved). m She's a slow worker but, to give her her due (ie to be fair to her), she does try very hard. ၂။ dues [pl] အခြန္၊ အေကာက္။ ေၾကး။ trade union dues m I haven't paid my dues yet. adv စူးစူး။ (East, West, South, North ေရွ႕၌ထားသံုး သည္။) sail due east m walk three miles due north. o in due course [IDM] အခ်ိန္တန္ေတာ့။ ေနာက္ဆံုးေတာ့။ Your request will be dealt with in due course. o with (all) due respect [IDM] ေလးစားပါတယ္၊ ဒါေပမဲ့့…။ With all due respect, the figures simply do not support you on this.
- presume v ● ၁။ မွတ္ယူသည္။ ထင္ရသည္။ ယူဆသည္။ မွန္းဆသည္။ I presume (that) you still want to come. m ‘Are the neighbours away on vacation?’ ‘I presume so.’ m In English law, an accused person is presumed (to be ) innocent until proved guilty. m Twelve passengers are missing, presumed dead. ၂။ (fml) ဝံ့သည္။ I wouldn't presume to argue with you.
- Guacamole n. dip made of mashed avocado mixed with other ingredients (Mexican Cookery)
- Salsa n [U] ● ၁။ ေတာင္အေမရိက အကတစ္မ်ဳိး။ ၂။ မကၠဆီကိုအစာႏွင့္တဲြရေသာ ေဆာ့။
- slather v. (Slang) smear generously, spread thickly; waste, squander
 n. large amount, generous amount (Slang)













Saturday, September 6, 2014

English speaking international-What humans can learn from semi-intelligent slime

English speaking international-What humans can learn from semi-intelligent slime
Heather Barnett:
What humans can learn from semi-intelligent slime
TEDSalon Berlin 2014 · 12:11 · Filmed Jun 2014
Subtitles available in 14 languages
HeatherBarnett_2014S-480p-en.mp4 85.9 MB user or direct
Transcript
0:11
 I'd like to introduce you to an organism: a slime mold, Physarum polycephalum. It's a mold with an identity crisis, because it's not a mold, so let's get that straight to start with. It is one of 700 known slime molds belonging to the kingdom of the amoeba. It is a single-celled organism, a cell, that joins together with other cells to form a mass super-cell to maximize its resources. So within a slime mold you might find thousands or millions of nuclei, all sharing a cell wall, all operating as one entity. In its natural habitat, you might find the slime mold foraging in woodlands, eating rotting vegetation, but you might equally find it in research laboratories, classrooms, and even artists' studios.
1:01
 I first came across the slime mold about five years ago. A microbiologist friend of mine gave me a petri dish with a little yellow blob in it and told me to go home and play with it. The only instructions I was given, that it likes it dark and damp and its favorite food is porridge oats. I'm an artist who's worked for many years with biology, with scientific processes, so living material is not uncommon for me. I've worked with plants, bacteria, cuttlefish, fruit flies. So I was keen to get my new collaborator home to see what it could do. So I took it home and I watched. I fed it a varied diet. I observed as it networked. It formed a connection between food sources. I watched it leave a trail behind it, indicating where it had been. And I noticed that when it was fed up with one petri dish, it would escape and find a better home.
1:56
 I captured my observations through time-lapse photography. Slime mold grows at about one centimeter an hour, so it's not really ideal for live viewing unless there's some form of really extreme meditation, but through the time lapse, I could observe some really interesting behaviors. For instance, having fed on a nice pile of oats, the slime mold goes off to explore new territories in different directions simultaneously. When it meets itself, it knows it's already there, it recognizes it's there, and instead retreats back and grows in other directions. I was quite impressed by this feat, at how what was essentially just a bag of cellular slime could somehow map its territory, know itself, and move with seeming intention.
2:48
 I found countless scientific studies, research papers, journal articles, all citing incredible work with this one organism, and I'm going to share a few of those with you. For example, a team in Hokkaido University in Japan filled a maze with slime mold. It joined together and formed a mass cell. They introduced food at two points, oats of course, and it formed a connection between the food. It retracted from empty areas and dead ends. There are four possible routes through this maze, yet time and time again, the slime mold established the shortest and the most efficient route. Quite clever. The conclusion from their experiment was that the slime mold had a primitive form of intelligence. Another study exposed cold air at regular intervals to the slime mold. It didn't like it. It doesn't like it cold. It doesn't like it dry. They did this at repeat intervals, and each time, the slime mold slowed down its growth in response. However, at the next interval, the researchers didn't put the cold air on, yet the slime mold slowed down in anticipation of it happening. It somehow knew that it was about the time for the cold air that it didn't like. The conclusion from their experiment was that the slime mold was able to learn. A third experiment: the slime mold was invited to explore a territory covered in oats. It fans out in a branching pattern. As it goes, each food node it finds, it forms a network, a connection to, and keeps foraging. After 26 hours, it established quite a firm network between the different oats. Now there's nothing remarkable in this until you learn that the center oat that it started from represents the city of Tokyo, and the surrounding oats are suburban railway stations. The slime mold had replicated the Tokyo transport network — (Laughter) — a complex system developed over time by community dwellings, civil engineering, urban planning. What had taken us well over 100 years took the slime mold just over a day. The conclusion from their experiment was that the slime mold can form efficient networks and solve the traveling salesman problem.
5:04
It is a biological computer. As such, it has been mathematically modeled, algorithmically analyzed. It's been sonified, replicated, simulated. World over, teams of researchers are decoding its biological principles to understand its computational rules and applying that learning to the fields of electronics, programming and robotics.
5:26
So the question is, how does this thing work? It doesn't have a central nervous system. It doesn't have a brain, yet it can perform behaviors that we associate with brain function. It can learn, it can remember, it can solve problems, it can make decisions. So where does that intelligence lie? So this is a microscopy, a video I shot, and it's about 100 times magnification, sped up about 20 times, and inside the slime mold, there is a rhythmic pulsing flow, a vein-like structure carrying cellular material, nutrients and chemical information through the cell, streaming first in one direction and then back in another. And it is this continuous, synchronous oscillation within the cell that allows it to form quite a complex understanding of its environment, but without any large-scale control center. This is where its intelligence lies.
6:24
So it's not just academic researchers in universities that are interested in this organism. A few years ago, I set up SliMoCo, the Slime Mould Collective. It's an online, open, democratic network for slime mold researchers and enthusiasts to share knowledge and experimentation across disciplinary divides and across academic divides. The Slime Mould Collective membership is self-selecting. People have found the collective as the slime mold finds the oats. And it comprises of scientists and computer scientists and researchers but also artists like me, architects, designers, writers, activists, you name it. It's a very interesting, eclectic membership. Just a few examples: an artist who paints with fluorescent Physarum; a collaborative team who are combining biological and electronic design with 3D printing technologies in a workshop; another artist who is using the slime mold as a way of engaging a community to map their area. Here, the slime mold is being used directly as a biological tool, but metaphorically as a symbol for ways of talking about social cohesion, communication and cooperation. Other public engagement activities, I run lots of slime mold workshops, a creative way of engaging with the organism. So people are invited to come and learn about what amazing things it can do, and they design their own petri dish experiment, an environment for the slime mold to navigate so they can test its properties. Everybody takes home a new pet and is invited to post their results on the Slime Mould Collective. And the collective has enabled me to form collaborations with a whole array of interesting people. I've been working with filmmakers on a feature-length slime mold documentary, and I stress feature-length, which is in the final stages of edit and will be hitting your cinema screens very soon. (Laughter)
8:33
 It's also enabled me to conduct what I think is the world's first human slime mold experiment. This is part of an exhibition in Rotterdam last year. We invited people to become slime mold for half an hour. So we essentially tied people together so they were a giant cell, and invited them to follow slime mold rules. You have to communicate through oscillations, no speaking. You have to operate as one entity, one mass cell, no egos, and the motivation for moving and then exploring the environment is in search of food. So a chaotic shuffle ensued as this bunch of strangers tied together with yellow ropes wearing "Being Slime Mold" t-shirts wandered through the museum park. When they met trees, they had to reshape their connections and reform as a mass cell through not speaking. This is a ludicrous experiment in many, many ways. This isn't hypothesis-driven. We're not trying to prove, demonstrate anything. But what it did provide us was a way of engaging a broad section of the public with ideas of intelligence, agency, autonomy, and provide a playful platform for discussions about the things that ensued. One of the most exciting things about this experiment was the conversation that happened afterwards. An entirely spontaneous symposium happened in the park. People talked about the human psychology, of how difficult it was to let go of their individual personalities and egos. Other people talked about bacterial communication. Each person brought in their own individual interpretation, and our conclusion from this experiment was that the people of Rotterdam were highly cooperative, especially when given beer. We didn't just give them oats. We gave them beer as well.
10:38
 But they weren't as efficient as the slime mold, and the slime mold, for me, is a fascinating subject matter. It's biologically fascinating, it's computationally interesting, but it's also a symbol, a way of engaging with ideas of community, collective behavior, cooperation. A lot of my work draws on the scientific research, so this pays homage to the maze experiment but in a different way. And the slime mold is also my working material. It's a coproducer of photographs, prints, animations, participatory events. Whilst the slime mold doesn't choose to work with me, exactly, it is a collaboration of sorts. I can predict certain behaviors by understanding how it operates, but I can't control it. The slime mold has the final say in the creative process. And after all, it has its own internal aesthetics. These branching patterns that we see we see across all forms, scales of nature, from river deltas to lightning strikes, from our own blood vessels to neural networks. There's clearly significant rules at play in this simple yet complex organism, and no matter what our disciplinary perspective or our mode of inquiry, there's a great deal that we can learn from observing and engaging with this beautiful, brainless blob.
11:59
 I give you Physarum polycephalum.
12:03
 Thank you.
12:04
 (Applause)
ludicrous   adjective so foolish or unreasonable as to be amusing; absurd or ridiculous.
adj ● ရယ္ဖြယ္ျဖစ္ေသာ။ သဘာဝမက်ေသာ။ အဓိပၸာယ္မရိွေသာ။ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေသာ။ a ludicrous idea/situation. o ludicrously adv ၾကည့္မေကာင္း ႐ႈမေကာင္း။ ludicrously tight trousers.
- ensue v ● အက်ဳိးဆက္ျဖစ္ေပၚသည္။ ရလဒ္ေပၚထြက္ သည္။ Chaos/Panic ensued. m in the ensuing (ie following) years.
   

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